The intracellular environment represents an extremely crowded milieu, with a limited amount
of free water and an almost complete lack of unoccupied space. Obviously, slightly salted …

Cell survival has been closely linked to both trophic growth factor signaling and cellular
metabolism. Such couplings have obvious physiologic and pathophysiologic implications …

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates activation of immune
cells and cellular energy metabolism. Although glycolysis has been linked to immune …

In tumour cells, elevated levels of mitochondria-bound isoforms of hexokinase (HK-I and HK-
II) result in the evasion of apoptosis, thereby allowing the cells to continue proliferating. The …

Purpose: Interictal [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)
demonstrates temporal hypometabolism in the epileptogenic zone of 60–90% of patients …

The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus are poorly understood due to the lack of
an in vitro culture or infection models. The viral Orf3 protein activates the cellular mitogen …

While much of classical enzymology has been developed based on the dilute aqueous
solutions of purified enzymes, intracellular environments are nonideal and represent a …

Evidence points to magnesium's antioxidant, anti-necrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects in
cardio-and neuroprotection. With magnesium being involved in over 300 biochemical …

Glucose metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in the auditory system. Chronic
alcohol exposure can cause metabolic dysfunction in auditory cells during hearing loss …

VDAC, a mitochondrial outer membrane channel, is involved in the control of aerobic
metabolism and in apoptotic processes via numerous protein− protein interactions. To unveil …