The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

The ability of chemical modifications of single nucleotides to alter the electrostatic charge,
hydrophobic surface and base pairing of RNA molecules is exploited for the clinical use of …

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of
tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are currently the …

Non-coding RNAs do not encode proteins and regulate various oncological processes. They
are also important potential cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Bioinformatics …

Background The global rise of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
cardiovascular disease, demands a thorough molecular understanding of the cellular …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a family of transcripts with unique structures and still
largely unknown functions. Their biogenesis, which proceeds via a back-splicing reaction, is …

RNA molecules can fold into intricate shapes that can provide an additional layer of control
of gene expression beyond that of their sequence. In this Review, we discuss the current …

Protein translation typically begins with the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex to the
5′ cap of mRNAs by a cap-binding complex. However, some transcripts are translated in a …

The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As
the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The …