Summary Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, has
resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global …

Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by
decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of …

Germinal centres (GC) are lymphoid structures in which B cells acquire affinity-enhancing
somatic hypermutations (SHM), with surviving clones differentiating into memory B cells …

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can protect against HIV infection but have not been
induced by human vaccination. A key barrier to bnAb induction is vaccine priming of rare …

Immune memory is tailored by cues that lymphocytes perceive during priming. The severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a situation in …

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD)
with potential to evade neutralizing antibody. In particular, the Beta and Omicron variants …

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in fully vaccinated individuals are considered a
consequence of waning immunity. Serum antibodies represent the most measurable …

Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding the magnitude and durability of
protection conferred by a combined effect of naturally acquired immunity after SARS-CoV-2 …

There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity
maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019
prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine …