Marine organisms represent a valuable source of new compounds. The biodiversity of the
marine environment and the associated chemical diversity constitute a practically unlimited …

The Cnidaria phylum includes organisms that are among the most venomous animals. The
Anthozoa class includes sea anemones, hard corals, soft corals and sea pens. The …

More than 32 species of sea anemones have been reported to produce lethal cytolytic
peptides and proteins. Based on their primary structure and functional properties, cytolysins …

Cnidarians have been known since ancient times for the painful stings they induce to
humans. The effects of the stings range from skin irritation to cardiotoxicity and can result in …

Background: Membrane pore–forming toxins have a remarkable property: they adopt a
stable soluble form structure, which, when in contact with a membrane, undergoes a series …

Venomous animals from distinct phyla such as spiders, scorpions, snakes, cone snails, or
sea anemones produce small toxic proteins interacting with a variety of cell targets. Their …

This article provides a brief overview of the literature related to the chemical ecology of sea
anemones, focusing on their venom, and summarizing their bioprospecting potential. Sea …

Sticholysins (Sts) I and II (StI/II) are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) produced by the Caribbean
Sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus belonging to the actinoporin family, a unique class …

Sea anemones produce a family of 18–20 kDa proteins, the actinoporins, that lyse cells by
forming pores in cell membranes. Sphingomyelin plays an important role in their lytic activity …

Sea anemone toxins are predominantly peptide and proteins that act mainly on sodium and
potassium channels, as well as in a variety of target cells causing lysis. Over recent years …