El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

A powerful influence on the weather that we experience on the ground can be exerted by the
stratosphere. This highly stratified layer of Earth's atmosphere is found 10 to 50 kilometres …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of
solar variability, solar‐terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response …

Some of the earliest unequivocal signs of climate change have been the warming of the air
and ocean, thawing of land and melting of ice in the Arctic. But recent studies are showing …

The brightness of the Sun varies on all timescales on which it has been observed, and there
is increasing evidence that this has an influence on climate. The amplitudes of such …

One of the mysteries regarding Earth's climate system response to variations in solar output
is how the relatively small fluctuations of the 11-year solar cycle can produce the magnitude …

Jet streams, the meandering bands of fast winds located near the tropopause, are driving
factors for weather in the midlatitudes. This is the first study to analyze historical trends of jet …

Response of the Zonal Mean Atmospheric Circulation to El Niño versus Global Warming in:
Journal of Climate Volume 21 Issue 22 (2008) Jump to Content Jump to Main Navigation …