Among engineering materials, ceramics are indispensable in energy applications such as
batteries, capacitors, solar cells, smart glass, fuel cells and electrolyzers, nuclear power …

The work function, which is the energy barrier for an electron escaping from the surface of a
material, is a fundamental material surface property with many applications spanning energy …

Hollow cathode plasma discharges are a fundamental part of a large variety of applications
in industry, academia, and space. From surface processing and coatings deposition to …

Engineering a material's work function is of central importance for many technologies and in
particular electron emitters used in high‐power vacuum electronics and thermionic energy …

Materials with low work functions are critical for an array of applications requiring the facile
removal or efficient transport of electrons through a device. Perovskite oxides are a …

As the performance of vacuum electron devices is essentially governed by the properties of
their cathodes, developing efficient and durable thermionic cathode is necessary and highly …

LaB6 has been used as a commercial electron emitter for decades. Despite the large
number of studies on the work function of LaB6, there is no comprehensive understanding of …

The work function is one of the most fundamental surface properties of a material, and
understanding and controlling its value is of central importance for manipulating electron …

Experimental observations have long-established that there exists a smooth roll-off or knee
transition between the temperature-limited (TL) and full-space-charge-limited (FSCL) …

This paper describes an investigation of the surfaces of scandate cathodes that exhibited
good emission characteristics during close-spaced diode testing. Morphological evaluation …