Ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes
have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. These duplicates …

Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a
privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have …

The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) moiety is a privileged substructure of many bioactive
natural products and semi-synthetic analogs. Plants manufacture more than 3,000 THIQ …

Betalains are vacuolar pigments composed of a nitrogenous core structure, betalamic acid.
Betalamic acid condenses with imino compounds (cyclo-DOPA/its glucosyl derivates) or …

Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains are known as the three major pigments in the
plant kingdom. Anthocyanins are flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway …

Betalains are tyrosine-derived red-violet and yellow pigments found exclusively in plants of
the Caryophyllales order, which have drawn both scientific and economic interest …

L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid (AAA) required for protein synthesis in all
organisms, but synthesized de novo only in plants and microorganisms. In plants, Tyr also …

Quinoa was the traditional grain crop used by the prehispanic civilizations in America.
Grains are white, black, yellow, and red-violet and plants are cultivated in vast areas of Peru …

Within the angiosperm order Caryophyllales, an unusual class of pigments known as
betalains can replace the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins. In contrast to the …

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has an ancient cultivation history and has become an
emerging profitable fruit crop due to its attractive features such as the bright red appearance …