The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the
microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is …

Globally, 296 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately one
million people die annually from HBV-related causes, including liver cancer. Although there …

The abundance of innate and adaptive immune cells that reside together with trillions of
beneficial commensal microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract requires …

The peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis has been most influential in the field of
cirrhosis and its complications. It has given rise to hundreds of pathophysiological studies in …

Macrophages represent a major cell type of innate immunity and have emerged as a critical
player and therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Hepatic macrophages …

Combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection improves immune function and
eliminates the risk of AIDS-related complications but does not restore full health. HIV …

Humans harbor nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria, which in terms of numbers, represents
around ten times more microbial cells than eukaryotic cells. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety
and efficacy of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, in preventing portal vein …

The mammalian intestinal tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that
are anatomically restricted to specific niches. However, the mechanisms that regulate …

In pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infections, the translocation of microbial products from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to …