Sleep is a major physiological drive. The average child spends almost one-half of his or her
life asleep. A newborn will sleep for as much as 16 ha day. Thus, respiratory disorders …

Development of the mammalian respiratory control system begins early in gestation and
does not achieve mature form until weeks or months after birth. A relatively long gestation …

Accepted 8 April 2009 ''… as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know
we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains an important sequelae of neonatal intensive
care. Substantial advances in current understanding of the pathogenesis and …

Children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) can manifest a continuum from simple
snoring and upper airway resistance syndrome to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with …

Abnormalities of the pulmonary circulation are increasingly being recognized as a major
contributor to the high morbidity and mortality of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Historically …

The cardiorespiratory control system undergoes functional maturation after birth. Until this
process is completed, the cardiorespiratory system is unstable, placing infants at risk for …

Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant
death syndrome. The effect of maternal smoking on apnea and arousal patterns in preterm …

The risk of SIDS is increased up to fourfold by maternal smoking, by an unknown
mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that prenatal nicotine exposure can cause abnormal …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or chronic lung disease of prematurity, occurs in∼ 30%
of preterm infants (15,000 per year) and is associated with a clinical history of mechanical …