The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the rapid recognition and elimination of
invading microbes. Detection of microbes relies on germ‐line encoded pattern recognition …

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the
debilitating febrile illness tularemia. Although natural infections by F. tularensis are sporadic …

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of
the disease tularemia. Inhalation of as few as 10 bacteria is sufficient to cause severe …

Intracellular bacterial pathogens Francisella novicida and the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) are
recognized in the macrophage cytosol by the AIM2 inflammasome, which leads to the …

Extracellular capsules constitute the outermost layer of many bacteria, are major virulence
factors, and affect antimicrobial therapies. They have been used as epidemiological markers …

Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against invading microbes, and they
protect themselves through the production of carbohydrate and protein matrices …

Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal
disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify and characterize the …

Macrophages are myeloid-derived phagocytic cells and one of the first immune cell types to
respond to microbial infections. However, a number of bacterial pathogens are resistant to …

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that infects many cell types,
including neutrophils. We demonstrated previously that F. tularensis inhibits NADPH …

Our understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of Francisella spp. has significantly
advanced in recent years, including a new understanding that this organism can form …