Progress in the area of MHD stability and disruptions, since the publication of the 1999 ITER
Physics Basis document (1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137–2664), is reviewed. Recent theoretical …

This paper reviews the effects of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on classical tearing
modes (TMs) and neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) from the theory, experimental …

Tokamaks have demonstrated excellent plasma confinement capability because of their
symmetry but has an intrinsic drawback because of their pulsed inductive operation. Efforts …

This paper presents a review of the experimental achievements related to the development
of high-power gyrotron oscillators for long-pulse or CW operation and pulsed gyrotrons for …

For stable and efficient fusion energy production using a tokamak reactor, it is essential to
maintain a high-pressure hydrogenic plasma without plasma disruption. Therefore, it is …

Gyrotron oscillators (gyrotrons) are capable of providing hundreds of kilo watts of power at
microwave and millimetric wavelengths. From their con ception in the late fifties until their …

A principal pressure limit in tokamaks is set by the onset of neoclassical tearing modes
(NTMs), which are destabilized and maintained by helical perturbations to the pressure …

The physics model of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) is
becoming well validated through systematic comparisons of theory and experiment. This …

Gyrotrons are a high-power source of coherent microwave radiation. Their oscillation
mechanism is a cyclotron-resonance maser effect, in which a fraction of the rotational kinetic …

The development of techniques for neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) suppression or
avoidance is crucial for successful high beta/high confinement tokamaks. Neoclassical …