Composite indicators (CIs) are increasingly used to measure and track environmental
systems. However, they have faced criticism for not accounting for uncertainties and their …

Forests are widely recognized as major providers of ecosystem services, including timber,
other forest products, recreation, regulation of water, soil and air quality, and climate change …

Abstract The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach
climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We …

The ecological value of tropical forests in water conservation district has been of great
interest because of their rich vegetation types and higher biomass density than any other …

Germany's forests provide a variety of ecosystem services. Sustainable forest management
aims to optimize the provision of these services at regional level. However, climate change …

The main ecosystem services (ES) central European mountain forests provide are:
protection against gravitational hazards, timber production, recreation, biodiversity …

Forest management requires prediction of forest growth, but there is no general agreement
about which models best predict growth, how to quantify model parameters, and how to …

An objective, quantifiable index of structural biodiversity that could be rapidly obtained with
reduced or no field effort is essential for the use of structure as universal ecological indicator …

Abstract Climate-Smart Forestry (CSF) is a developing concept to help policymakers and
practitioners develop focused forestry governance and management to adapt to and mitigate …

Aim of study: Modelling of forest growth and dynamics has focused mainly on pure stands.
Mixed-forest management lacks systematic procedures to forecast the impact of silvicultural …