Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of drugs,
xenobiotics, and endogenous substances. This enzymatic activity can be modulated by …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment.
Although diverse mechanisms of MDR have been well elucidated, such as dysregulation of …

Clinical response to tamoxifen varies widely among women treated with this drug for
hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The principal active metabolite–endoxifen–is …

Introduction CYP2D6 contributes to the metabolism of approximately 20–25% of drugs.
However, CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic and different alleles can lead to impacts ranging …

The antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen is widely used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-α-
positive breast cancer and substantially decreases recurrence and mortality rates. However …

Cancer treatment is becoming more and more individually based as a result of the large
inter-individual differences that exist in treatment outcome and toxicity when patients are …

Tamoxifen reduces the rate of breast cancer recurrence by about one-half. It is converted to
more active metabolites by enzymes encoded by polymorphic genes, including cytochrome …

The clinical usefulness of assessing the enzymatic activity of CYPD6 in patients taking
tamoxifen had been longly debated. In favour of preemptive evaluation of phenotypic profile …

Purpose Women with breast cancer frequently use antidepressants; however, questions
about the effect of these medications on breast cancer recurrence remain. Methods We …

Tamoxifen therapy for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer reduces the risk of
recurrence by approximately one-half. Cytochrome P-450 2D6, encoded by the polymorphic …