Like Darwin's tangled bank of biodiversity, the endocrine mechanisms that give rise to
phenotypic diversity also exhibit nearly endless forms. This tangled bank of mechanistic …

For the last seven decades, cleaning symbiosis in the marine environment has been a
research field of intrigue. There is substantial evidence that, by removing undesired items …

Humans are outstanding in their ability to achieve mutual cooperation for direct benefits.
One often-quoted factor driving our unique cooperation skills is our ability to delay …

In many mutualisms, benefits in the form of food are exchanged for services such as
transport or protection. In the marine cleaning mutualism, a variety of 'client'reef fishes offer …

Social hierarchies are often found in group-living animals. The hierarchy position can
influence reproductive success (RS), with a skew towards high-ranking individuals. The …

Introduction Comparative studies of brain anatomy between closely related species have
been very useful in demonstrating selective changes in brain structure. Within-species …

Highlights•Facultative cleaning gobies can live in different social and ecological
conditions.•We investigated how these differences influenced cleaning …