The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is a rapid regulatory mechanism for selective
protein degradation in plants and plays crucial roles in growth and development. There is …

The discovery that there is a close relationship between ascorbate and glutathione dates
from soon after the characterization of the chemical formulae of the two molecules (Szent …

Plants cannot survive without glutathione (γ‐glutamylcysteinylglycine) or γ‐glutamylcysteine‐
containing homologues. The reasons why this small molecule is indispensable are not fully …

The two forms of inorganic arsenic, arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), are easily taken up
by the cells of the plant root. Once in the cell, AsV can be readily converted to AsIII, the more …

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous metalloid that is highly toxic to all living organisms. When grown
in As-contaminated soils, plants may accumulate significant amounts of As in the grains or …

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant growth, and poses severe risks to
human health. It induces disturbance to many physiological and metabolic pathways such …

Glutathione is a simple sulfur compound composed of three amino acids and the major non-
protein thiol in many organisms, including plants. The functions of glutathione are manifold …

It is evident from previous reports that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), like other known plant
growth regulators, is effective in countering the injurious effects of heavy metal-stress in …

Stress constantly challenges plant adaptation to the environment. Of all stress types, arsenic
was a major threat during the early evolution of plants. The most prevalent chemical form of …

The enormous amount of environmental arsenic was a major factor in determining the
biochemistry of incipient life forms early in the Earth's history. The most abundant chemical …