Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the
publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed …

Social dilemmas occur when incentives for individuals are misaligned with group
interests,,,,,–. According to the 'tragedy of the commons', these misalignments can lead to …

Covering the major topics of evolutionary game theory, Game-Theoretical Models in Biology,
Second Edition presents both abstract and practical mathematical models of real biological …

Finding appropriate incentives to enforce collaborative efforts for governing the commons in
risky situations is a long-lasting challenge. Previous works have demonstrated that both …

The stability and persistence of cooperation are often threatened by the selfish behavior of
self-interested individuals. One possible solution to this problem is to punish self-interested …

Explaining the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among selfish individuals from
an evolutionary perspective remains a grand challenge in biology, economy and social …

Pro-social punishment is a key driver of harmonious and stable society. However, this
institution is vulnerable to corruption since law-violators can avoid sanctioning by paying …

Pro-social punishment and exclusion are common means to elevate the level of cooperation
among unrelated individuals. Indeed, it is worth pointing out that the combined use of these …

Cooperation that emerges in the situation of multi-person social dilemma has attracted
intensive interest and been analyzed under the widely used public goods game (PGG) …

People routinely cooperate with each other, even when cooperation is costly. To further
encourage such pro-social behaviors, recipients often respond by providing additional …