Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and its main metabolite adenosine (ADO)
constitute an intrinsic part of immunological network in tumor immunity. The concentrations …

Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, and parasites. After infection, disease progression relies on the complex …

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an inflammatory condition, and excessive adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is released into the extracellular space, which can be catabolized into …

A key point of immunity against protozoan Leishmania parasites is the development of an
optimal T cell response, which includes a low apoptotic rate, high proliferative activity and …

The intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of
leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease of major public health concern, estimated to affect 12 …

Leishmania donovani is known to induce myelopoiesis and to dramatically increase
extramedullary myelopoiesis. This results in splenomegaly, which is then accompanied by …

Introduction Presence of asymptomatic individuals in endemic areas is common. The
possible biomarkers in asymptomatic individuals once they get exposed to infection as well …

Background The occurrence of co-infections during schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical
disease, with other parasites have been reported suggesting an impaired host immune …

Infection by protozoan parasites is part of the most common Tropical Neglected Diseases. In
the case of leishmaniasis, several millions of people are at risk of contracting the disease. In …

Differently from others Leishmania species, infection by the protozoan parasite L.
amazonensis is associated with a lack of antigen-specific T-cell responses. Dendritic cells …