Abstract The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that prebiotic life revolved around RNA
instead of DNA and proteins. Although modern cells have changed significantly in 4 billion …

The aging process worsens the human body functions at multiple levels, thus causing its
gradual decrease to resist stress, damage, and disease. Besides changes in gene …

Increased cardiovascular disease in aging is partly a consequence of the vascular
endothelial cell (EC) senescence and associated vascular dysfunction. In this contest, EC …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, and organismic insulin resistance. This pathological shift in both circulating …

Individuals age> 65 years old are the fastest expanding population demographic throughout
the developed world. Consequently, more aged patients than before are receiving …

Apoptosis is one of the main types of regulated cell death, a complex process that can be
triggered by external or internal stimuli, which activate the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway …

Atherosclerosis underlies the predominant number of cardiovascular diseases and remains
a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development, progression and …

Cardiovascular disease is an enormous socioeconomic burden worldwide and remains a
leading cause of mortality and disability despite significant efforts to improve treatments and …

Atherosclerosis is universally recognized as a chronic lipid-induced inflammation of the
vessel wall. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) drives the onset of atherogenesis …

Gastric cancer is a deadly disease and remains the third leading cause of cancer-related
death worldwide. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with early-stage localized …