The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

The conditions, timing, and setting for the origin of life on Earth and whether life exists
elsewhere in our solar system and beyond represent some of the most fundamental …

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a novel computational methodology for representing the
behavior of individuals in order to study social phenomena. Its use is rapidly growing in …

The Earth formed by accretion of Moon-to Mars-size embryos coming from various
heliocentric distances. The isotopic nature of these bodies is unknown. However, taking …

High-resolution gravity data obtained from the dual Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
(GRAIL) spacecraft show that the bulk density of the Moon's highlands crust is 2550 …

The giant impact hypothesis remains the leading theory for lunar origin. However, current
models struggle to explain the Moon's composition and isotopic similarity with Earth. Here …

Seismic images of Earth's interior have revealed two continent-sized anomalies with low
seismic velocities, known as the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), in the lowermost …

Uncovers the Key Role Microbes Play in the Transformation of Oxidizable and Reducible
MineralsMany areas of geomicrobial processes are receiving serious attention from …

The concentration and distribution of water in the Earth has influenced its evolution
throughout its history. Even at the trace levels contained in the planet's deep interior (mantle …

Earth grew through collisions with Moon-sized to Mars-sized planetary embryos from the
inner Solar System, but it also accreted material from greater heliocentric distances …