The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly
upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer …

The protein kinases regulate cellular functions such as transcription, translation,
proliferation, growth and survival by the process of phosphorylation. Over activation of …

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) binds RANK on the
surface of osteoclast precursors to trigger osteoclastogenesis. Recent studies have …

Phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification regulated by phosphorylase
and dephosphorylase to mediate important cellular events. Src homology-2-containing …

One signal that is overactivated in a wide range of tumour types is the production of a
phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5) trisphosphate, by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase …

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, also known as TIM-1) is markedly upregulated in the
proximal tubule after injury and is maladaptive when chronically expressed. Here, we …

Somatostatin is a peptide with a potent and broad antisecretory action, which makes it an
invaluable drug target for the pharmacological management of pituitary adenomas and …

Src is a non‐receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which becomes activated following the
stimulation of plasma membrane receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins …

Quercetin is a major bioflavonoid widely present in fruits and vegetables. It exhibits anti-
inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant properties and reduces cardiovascular disease risks …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are implicated in a broad spectrum of cellular activities,
such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metabolism. Activation of class I …