Most writing on sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain (including our own) considers
just two organs: the gonads and the brain. This perspective, which leaves out all other body …

Neuromuscular impairment and reduced musculoskeletal integrity are hallmarks of spinal
cord injury (SCI) that hinder locomotor recovery. These impairments are precipitated by the …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are often associated with the presence of misfolded
protein inclusions. The chaperone HSPB8 is upregulated in mice, the human brain and …

Abstract Treatment with testosterone is neuroprotective/neurotherapeutic after a variety of
motoneuron injuries. Here we assessed whether testosterone might have similar beneficial …

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is characterized by loss of motoneurons and
sensory neurons, accompanied by atrophy of muscle cells. SBMA is due to an androgen …

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked motoneuron disease (MND)
caused by a mutant androgen receptor (AR) containing an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) …

Testicular androgens are the major endocrine factor promoting masculine phenotypes in
vertebrates, but androgen signaling is complex and operates via multiple signaling …

Neurotrophic factors and steroid hormones interact to regulate a variety of neuronal
processes such as neurite outgrowth, differentiation, and neuroprotection. The coexpression …

Androgens' pleiotropic actions in promoting sex differences present not only a challenge to
providing a comprehensive account of their function, but also an opportunity to gain insights …

Androgenic actions of gonadal testosterone are thought to be a major mechanism promoting
sex differences in body composition across the lifespan. However, this inference is based on …