The host defence of insects includes a combination of cellular and humoral responses. The
cellular arm of the insect innate immune system includes mechanisms that are directly …

Exopolysaccharides, or extracellular polysaccharides (EPS, sPS), represent a valuable
metabolite compound synthesized from red microalgae. It is a non-toxic natural agent and …

Since the circulating hemocytes are involved in the key physiological functions in insects,
knowledge of these haemocytes is necessary to physiologists, toxicologists and …

Hemocytes are cells present in the hemolymph of insects that play a role in combating
invasive pathogens, ensuring defense by the immune system in these organisms. While the …

The total haemocyte count (THC) and the possible ultrastructural alterations induced in the
haemocytes of the fourth larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis …

The most effective and important strategy in the insect immune response is based on cellular
reactions incorporating haemocytes. The present study uses Galleria mellonella …

Gap junctions are integral membrane proteins that play a role in cell-to-cell communication.
They are coded by the functional genes called connexins in chordates and innexins in …

Simple Summary Generally, the transmission of pathogens is positively density-dependent;
therefore, the risk of insects becoming infected by diseases increases with increasing …

Purpose: The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most serious
insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in South and South East Asia and also parts of the …

Os insetos possuem mecanismos imunes que fornecem proteção contra diversos
microorganismos. Estas barreiras anatômicas e fisiológicas incluem as respostas de defesa …