Metabolites produced by commensal gut microbes impact host health through their
recognition by the immune system and their influence on numerous metabolic pathways …

Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's …

Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by cell swelling with
bubbles, and the release of inflammatory cell cytokines. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), extracted …

The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that
contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as …

Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are …

Glial activation and inflammation coincide with neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in
neurons. However, the mechanism behind the interaction between tau fibrils and glia is …

Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients with post-coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) syndrome, but its underlying mechanisms are not completely understood …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for
most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging …

The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile
plasma component that “complemented” the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name …

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has claimed approximately 5 million lives
and 257 million cases reported globally. This virus and disease have significantly affected …