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Objectives There are two major methods for local anesthesia by lidocaine before upper
gastrointestinal endoscopy: simple spray and viscous solution. We aimed to assess the …

Objective To assess the feasibility of an awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) protocol. Methods
We enrolled 40 patients with simulated difficult intubation. The protocol consisted of …

Propofol sedation has been applied during esophagogastroduodenoscopy procedures, but
whether topical pharyngeal anesthesia should be administered at the same time has rarely …

Background: Advantage of using local sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
(UGE) is still challenging. In the current study, the effect of lidocaine spray versus lidocaine …

Background Topical pharyngeal anesthesia has improved esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD) efficiency with smooth insertion, reducing pain and discomfort. Lidocaine spray is one …

Methods This prospective, single-blinded, randomized study included 500 patients who
underwent transoral upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under intravenous midazolam …

Background Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swab sampling for coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis may lead to release of particles of varying sizes and …

Because gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy examinations are being performed increasingly
frequently, the rate of detection of cancer and of precancerous lesions has increased …

BACKGROUND Pharyngeal anesthesia's role in improving observational ability during
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is controversial. No randomized controlled trials have …