Two or more drugs that individually produce overtly similar effects will sometimes display
greatly enhanced effects when given in combination. When the combined effect is greater …

Preemptive analgesia I: physiological pathways and pharmacological modalities Page 1
Purpose: This two-part review summarizes the current knowledge of physiological …

Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

Not since this author's bestselling Manual of Pharmacologic Calculation-long out of print-has
there been a reference available for drug data analysis, and even that work did not deal with …

α2-Adrenergic receptors mediate part of the diverse biological effects of the endogenous
catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. Three distinct subtypes of α2-adrenergic …

This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

The advance in our understanding of the biogenesis of various endogenous opioid
peptides, their anatomical distribution, and the characteristics of the multiple receptors with …

Background Experimental studies and clinical observations suggest a possible role for
opioids to induce pain and hyperalgesia on withdrawal. The authors used a new …

Morphine, a powerful analgesic, and norepinephrine, the principal neurotransmitter of
sympathetic nerves, exert major inhibitory effects on both peripheral and brain neurons by …

Behavioral nociceptive responses evoked by relatively high rates of noxious radiant skin
heating appear to be mediated by A [delta] nociceptor activation, whereas responses …