Elevation gradients significantly influence net primary productivity (NPP), but the relationship
between elevation, climate variables, and vegetation productivity remains underexplored …

The prevailing theory in invasion biology has been that introduced species have ecological
and life‐history characteristics that predispose them to do more damage than native species …

High densities of native and introduced deer hamper the regeneration of temperate forests
worldwide. Sport hunting is often the sole means of deer control, but whether it can restore …

The widely observed negative scaling relationship between organism size and abundance
is predicted to have a universal− 0.75 scaling exponent across all life forms. However …

The replacement of grasses by shrubs or bare ground (xerification) is a primary form of
landscape change in drylands globally with consequences for ecosystem services. The …

Overbrowsing by ungulates has degraded understory vegetation in worldwide forests.
Understory degradation causes soil erosion and environmental degradation, causing …

Anthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems is an important driver of biodiversity loss. Even
protected areas (PAs) may be impacted by anthropogenic nutrients, for example, from …

Protected natural forests are critical for biodiversity conservation, but they are threatened by
pervasive drivers of change that may not be mitigated by legal protection. Selective …

Ununiform, excessive, and prolonged understory vegetation feeding by overpopulated
ungulates (over-browsing) leads to heterogeneous stand structural alterations at the …

In the degraded and modified environment of the Scottish Highlands, novel ungulate
communities have arisen following local extinctions, reintroductions, and the introduction of …