Throughout its 40-year history, the field of gene therapy has been marked by many
transitions. It has seen great strides in combating human disease, has given hope to patients …

Viral vectors provide an efficient means for modification of eukaryotic cells, and their use is
now commonplace in academic laboratories and industry for both research and clinical …

HIV-1 reservoirs preclude virus eradication in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART). The best characterized reservoir is a small, difficult-to-quantify pool of …

HIV-1 can establish a state of latent infection at the level of individual T cells. Latently
infected cells are rare in vivo and appear to arise when activated CD4+ T cells, the major …

Latent reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells are refractory to antiretroviral therapies (ART) and
remain the major barrier to curing HIV-1. Because latently infected cells are long-lived …

The hypothesis that quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA provide a
reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus–type 1 (HIV-1) in patients on highly active …

Combination therapy for HIV-1 infection can reduce plasma virus to undetectable levels,
indicating that prolonged treatment might eradicate the infection. However, HIV-1 can persist …

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the form of triple combinations of
drugs including protease inhibitors can reduce the plasma viral load of some HIV-1-infected …

The capacity of HIV-1 to establish latent infection of CD4+ T cells may allow viral persistence
despite immune responses and antiretroviral therapy. Measurements of infectious virus1, 2 …

In persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who start antiretroviral therapy (ART), plasma virus
decays in a biphasic fashion to below the detection limit. The first phase reflects the short …