Hypertension is regarded as the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases,
which have become a primary cause of death, and recent research has demonstrated that …

Mitochondria are known to generate approximately 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS). The imbalance between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production …

Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology.
An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress …

Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative orthopedic disease in the elderly. Recently,
the therapeutic methods for osteoporosis have shifted towards the regulation of local …

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor
activated during energy stress that plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. This …

Jujuboside A (JuA) is a triterpenoid saponins isolated from the seed of jujube (semen Ziziphi
spinosae) with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties. The present …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a
significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is …

Dioscin is a steroidal saponin isolated from various kinds of vegetables and herbs and
possesses various biological activities. In this study, the protective effect of dioscin on …

The kidney contains many mitochondria that generate ATP to provide energy for cellular
processes. Oxidative stress injury can be caused by impaired mitochondria with excessive …

Kidney fibrosis is associated with tubular injury, oxidative stress and activation of interstitial
fibroblasts. However, whether these events are somehow connected is poorly understood. In …