Heavy metals bring long-term hazardous consequences and pose a serious threat to all life
forms. Being non-biodegradable, they can remain in the food webs for a long period of time …

We are just beginning to understand the metabolism of heavy metals and to use their
metabolic functions in biotechnology, although heavy metals comprise the major part of the …

Microorganisms can mediate arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) transformation and thus
change the As and Sb toxicity and mobility. The influence of As and Sb on the innate …

The resistance and immune escape of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
biofilms cause recalcitrant infections. Here, we design a targeting and synergizing cascade …

Heavy metal (loid) s exert selective pressure on microbial communities and evolution of
metal resistance determinants. Despite increasing knowledge concerning the impact of …

Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal ions including Ag+, AsO2−,
AsO43−, Cd2+, Co2+, CrO42−, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, TeO32−, Tl+, and Zn2+. In …

Metals can, when present in excess, or under wrong conditions, and in the wrong places,
produce errors in the genetic information system. The present review is limited to three …

Toxic metal (loid) s are widespread and permanent in the biosphere, and bacteria have
evolved a wide variety of metal (loid) resistance genes (MRGs) to resist the stress of excess …

All living organisms have systems for arsenic detoxification. The common themes are (a)
uptake of As (V) in the form of arsenate by phosphate transporters,(b) uptake of As (III) in the …

Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the
origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and …