Botulinum neurotoxin injection surrounding the nose area is frequently used in aesthetic
settings. However, there is a shortage of thorough anatomical understanding that makes it …

Advances in imaging technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) and surface
scanning, have facilitated the rapid generation of large datasets of high-resolution three …

Introduction Ultrasonography (US) has become an essential tool for guiding botulinum
neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in facial muscles, enhancing precision and safety. This …

Human facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural
complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common …

Aim To introduce and validate a computer‐aided method for direct measurements and
visualization of gingival margin (GM) changes. Materials and Methods The method consists …

OBJECTIVE Surgical correction for sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis (SCS and MCS)
aims to alter the abnormal cranial shape to resemble that of the normal population. The …

With the growing demand for orthognathic surgery and other facial treatments, the accurate
identification of anatomical landmarks has become crucial. Recent advancements have …

Facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) data are currently widely used in forensic and medical
science. In the forensic sciences, they form the basis for craniofacial reconstruction and …

Measuring facial traits by quantitative means is a prerequisite to investigate epidemiological,
clinical, and forensic questions. This measurement process has received intense attention in …

Objective To establish a deep learning algorithm that can accurately determine three-
dimensional facial anatomical landmarks, multi-view stacked hourglass convolutional neural …