Abstract Caspase‐3, a cysteine‐aspartic acid protease, has recently attracted much
attention because of its incredible roles in tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural …

Since Cajal's first drawings of Golgi stained neurons, generations of researchers have been
fascinated by the small protrusions, termed spines, studding many neuronal dendrites. Most …

Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily
localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that …

For more than 20 years, we have known that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
(CaMKII) activation is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of long-term …

Consolidation of implicit memory in the invertebrate Aplysia and explicit memory in the
mammalian hippocampus are associated with remodeling and growth of preexisting …

Synaptic plasticity in adult neural circuits may involve the strengthening or weakening of
existing synapses as well as structural plasticity, including synapse formation and …

In the mammalian central nervous system, excitatory glutamatergic synapses harness
neurotransmission that is mediated by ion flow through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 …

The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis of protein synthesis-dependent long-term
potentiation asserts that the induction of synaptic potentiation creates only the potential for a …

Recent studies show that dendritic spines are dynamic structures. Their rapid creation,
destruction and shape-changing are essential for short-and long-term plasticity at excitatory …

The cellular basis of depressive disorders is poorly understood. Recent studies in monkeys
indicate that neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a nucleus that mediates communication …