The increasing frequency of monkeypox virus infections, new outbreaks of other zoonotic
orthopoxviruses and concern about the re-emergence of smallpox have prompted research …

Epitope mapping has emerged as a powerful tool to design vaccines. It proved itself a
number of times to reveal the building blocks of potent immuno-prophylactics. T-cell epitope …

Interferon-inducible human oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) and its mouse ortholog,
Oasl2, enhance RNA-sensor RIG-I-mediated type I interferon (IFN) induction and inhibit …

In establishing a respiratory infection, vaccinia virus (VACV) initially replicates in airway
epithelial cells before spreading to secondary sites of infection, mainly the draining lymph …

CD8+ T cells (TCD8) confer protective immunity against many infectious diseases,
suggesting that microbial TCD8 determinants are promising vaccine targets. Nevertheless …

Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes many proteins that antagonize the innate immune system
including a family of intracellular proteins with a B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-like structure. One …

Phenotypically diverse memory CD 8+ T cells are present in the lungs that either re‐circulate
or reside within the tissue. Understanding the key cellular interactions that regulate the …

The eradication of smallpox was an enormous achievement due to the global vaccination
program launched by World Health Organization. The cessation of the vaccination program …

Respiratory infection with vaccinia virus (VacV) elicits robust CD8+ T cell responses that
play an important role in host resistance. In the lung, VacV encounters multiple tissue …

CD8 T cells are a key component of immunity to many viral infections. They achieve this
through using an array of effector mechanisms, but precisely which component/s are …