Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the
lungs that usually manifests late in life. Physiologic and immunologic changes that occur in …

A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well
established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences …

Монография посвящена важной проблеме пульмонологии–роли измененной
реактивности дыхательных путей в формировании, прогрессировании …

Background Pulmonary function measures obtained by spirometry are used to diagnose
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are highly heritable. We conducted …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease
with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cytokines, which are the main regulators …

Background Numerous investigations have previously evaluated the association of
interleukin (IL) 4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of asthma, conferring inconsistent results …

COPD represents one of the leading causes of mortality in the general population. This
study aimed at evaluating the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and …

It is recognized that genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to COPD. COPD is
characterized by airflow limitation. Chronic inflammation causes small airway disease and …

The genetic component was suggested to contribute to the development of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major and growing public health burden. The …

Background: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence the susceptibility and
disease course of many chronic disorders. Recently, interleukin (IL)‐4 gene polymorphisms …