International interest in metal-based antimicrobial coatings to control the spread of bacteria,
fungi, and viruses via high contact human touch surfaces are growing at an exponential rate …

Templating is one of the most important techniques for the controlled synthesis of
nanostructured materials. This powerful tool uses a pre-existing guide with desired …

Metallo-oxide (MO)-based bioinorganic nanocomposites promise unique structures,
physicochemical properties, and novel biochemical functionalities, and within the past …

The enormous interest in the synthesis, physical properties, and applications of the various
forms of titanium oxide materials is based on many factors. Being nontoxic, abundant, and …

The course of evolution on our planet has resulted in the appearance, diversification, and
proliferation of organisms capable of producing complex structures from hard inorganic …

A crystallization pathway describes the movement of ions from their source to the final
product. Cells are intimately involved in biological crystallization pathways. In many …

Titanium dioxide is one of the most intensely studied oxides due to its interesting
electrochemical and photocatalytic properties and it is widely applied, for example in …

TiO2 can be prepared in the form of powder, crystals, or thin films. Liquid-phase processing
is one of the most convenient and utilized methods of synthesis. It has the advantage of …

Diatoms are eukaryotic unicellular microalgae with cell walls made of a composite of organic
material, and silica which is often intricately and ornately shaped (Figure 1). Diatoms take up …

Louis-Camille Maillard is best remembered for his namesake organic reaction, one between
an amino acid and a reducing sugar. 1 In his final four papers before his death in 1936 …