Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of
the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological …

Early engagement of the lymphatic system by solid tumors in peripheral, nonlymphoid
tissues is a clinical hallmark of cancer and often forecasts poor prognosis. The significance …

Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of autoimmune disease, but the
mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis affects the transition from asymptomatic …

The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is continuously exposed to external
pathogens. Upon inflammation, various immune cells pass through, reside in or are …

The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi
and viruses. These microbes—collectively referred to as the skin microbiota—are …

The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph
nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential …

Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is an important subset of memory T
cells that resides in tissues—tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. There is an emerging …

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various
systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human …

Tissues such as the skin and mucosae are frequently exposed to microbial pathogens.
Infectious agents must be quickly and efficiently controlled by our immune system, but the …

Oral tolerance is the state of local and systemic immune unresponsiveness that is induced
by oral administration of innocuous antigen such as food proteins. An analogous but more …