Many decisions in politics, economics, and society are based on data and statistics. In order
to participate as a responsible citizen, it is essential to have a solid grounding in reasoning …

In this paper, we offer a comparative review of research on understanding and promoting
students' mathematical thinking. The sources for the review are papers that were published …

This book reveals the development of students' understanding of statistical literacy. It
provides a way to" see" student thinking and gives readers a deeper sense of how students …

The aim of this study was, first, to provide evidence to support the notion of statistical literacy
as a hierarchical construct and, second, to identify levels of this hierarchy across the …

The idea of data as a mixture of signal and noise is perhaps the most fundamental concept
in statistics. Research suggests, however, that current instruction is not helping students to …

Informal inferential reasoning is a relatively recent concept in the research literature. Several
research studies have defined this type of cognitive process in slightly different ways. In this …

This theoretical paper relates recent interest in informal statistical inference (ISI) to the
semantic theory termed inferentialism, a significant development in contemporary …

Informal statistical inference (ISI) has been a frequent focus of recent research in statistics
education. Considering the role that context plays in developing ISI calls into question the …

Statistical reasoning focuses on properties that belong not to individual data values but to
the entire aggregate. We analyze students' statements from three different sources to …

This article describes aspects of the statistical content knowledge of 46 preservice
elementary school teachers. The preservice teachers responded to a written item designed …