There is growing evidence that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exhibit biological effects on
various human cell types with a host of associated clinical implications. This review aims to …

Botulinum neurotoxin-A and botulinum neurotoxin-B have been shown to play a potential
role in improving flap survival in animal models. The aim of this study is to review indications …

Postoperative pain after breast reconstruction surgery with the latissimus dorsi flap is a
common occurrence. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection during surgery is effective in …

Background: Surgical delay can improve flap viability, leading to vasodilation,
neovascularization, and vessel reorganization. Experiments suggest a similar positive effect …

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is commonly performed using transverse rectus
abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. Previous studies have demonstrated that botulinum …

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers, accounting for over 30% of all cancers
in women. The incidence of breast cancer continues to increase annually, but mortality has …

Purpose The purpose was to describe the impact of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)
administration in patients with ischemic vasospasm on the magnitude and timing of pain …

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of various materials for ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R) injury mitigation, research on botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) remains limited. This …

Background Tissue necrosis caused by insufficient perfusion is a major complication in flap
transfer. This study evaluated whether treatment with cilostazol or hydroalcoholic extract of …

Background Poor blood supply can easily lead to expander extrusion and necrosis at the
distal expanded flap. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been previously found to improve …