Stress during pregnancy negatively affects the fetus and increases the risk for affective
disorders in adulthood. Excess maternal glucocorticoids are thought to mediate fetal …

A comprehensive atlas of sex steroid distribution in multiple tissues is currently lacking, and
how circulating and tissue sex steroid levels correlate remains unknown. Here, we adapted …

Aggression is a crucial behavior that impacts access to limited resources in different
environmental contexts. Androgens synthesized by the gonads promote aggression during …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical modulators of the immune system. The hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates circulating GC levels and is stimulated by endotoxins …

The profound programming effects of early life stress (ELS) on brain and behavior are
thought to be primarily mediated by adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). However, in mice …

Valproic acid (VPA) is a known drug for treating epilepsy and mood disorders; however, it is
not recommended for pregnant women because of its possible teratogenicity. VPA affects …

Steroid hormones are important modulators of many physiological processes, and
measurements of steroids in blood, saliva, and urine matrices are widely used to assess …

Stress increases plasma concentrations of corticosteroids, however, their tissue levels are
unclear. Using a repeated social defeat paradigm, we examined the impact of chronic stress …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate a myriad of physiological systems, such as the immune and
nervous systems. Systemic GC levels in blood are often measured as an indicator of local …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health concern and a leading cause of death.
Emerging evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and …