Substance use disorders represent a significant public health concern with considerable
socioeconomic implications worldwide. Twin and family-based studies have long …

Alcohol use is a growing global health concern and economic burden. Alcohol involvement
(ie, initiation, use, problematic use, alcohol use disorder) has been reliably associated with …

The cerebral ventricles are recognized as windows into brain development and disease, yet
their genetic architectures, underlying neural mechanisms and utility in maintaining brain …

Lifestyle factors have been acknowledged to be modifiable targets that can be used to
counter the increasing prevalence of depression. This study aims to investigate combining …

Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and
certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships between …

The increased frequency of risk taking behavior combined with marked neuromaturation has
positioned adolescence as a focal point of research into the neural causes and …

Molecular responses to alcohol consumption are dynamic, context-dependent, and arise
from a complex interplay of biological and external factors. While many have studied genetic …

Purpose Previous studies have suggested a potential association between gut microbiota
and neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationship between gut …

Background Spirituality is a construct encompassing a diversity of strongly held beliefs and
pursuits related to life's meaning and purpose. Empirical studies in key domains of …

The causes of neurodegenerative diseases remain largely elusive, increasing their personal
and societal impacts. To reveal the causal effects of iron load on Parkinson's disease (PD) …