Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first described more
than 50 years ago. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in biogenesis began to be …

Outer membrane (OM) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by Gram-negative bacteria during
all stages of bacterial growth. OM vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and …

Extracellular secretion of products is the major mechanism by which Gram-negative
pathogens communicate with and intoxicate host cells. Vesicles released from the envelope …

Over the past two decades, researchers studying both microbial and host cell communities
have gained an appreciation for the ability of bacteria to produce, regulate, and functionally …

Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for brucellosis. Virulence factors
involved in Brucella replication and Brucella's strategies to circumvent the immune response …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis releases membrane vesicles packed with molecules that can
modulate the immune response. Because environmental conditions often influence the …

Pathogenic brucella bacteria have developed strategies to persist for prolonged periods of
time in host cells, avoiding innate immune responses. Here we show that the cyclic β-1, 2 …

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major membrane-forming phospholipid in eukaryotes and
can be synthesized by either of two pathways, the methylation pathway or the CDP-choline …

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a cell envelope that comprises an outer
membrane (OM) and an inner membrane that, together, delimit the periplasmic space, which …

The Brucella BvrR/BvrS two-component regulatory system is homologous to the ChvI/ChvG
systems of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens necessary for …