Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

Pm1a, the first powdery mildew resistance gene described in wheat, is part of a complex
resistance (R) gene cluster located in a distal region of chromosome 7AL that has …

The powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) are globally distributed plant pathogens with a
range of more than 10,000 plant hosts. In this review, we discuss the long‐and short‐term …

Filamentous plant pathogens cause disease in numerous economically important crops.
These pathogens secrete virulence proteins, termed effectors, that modulate host cellular …

Pathogens secrete effector proteins to subvert host physiology and cause disease. Effectors
are engaged in a molecular arms race with the host resulting in conflicting evolutionary …

Structural biology has the potential to illuminate the evolution of pathogen effectors and their
commonalities that cannot be readily detected at the primary sequence level. Recent …

Introgressions of chromosomal segments from related species into wheat are important
sources of resistance against fungal diseases. The durability and effectiveness of …

Effectors play a central role in determining the outcome of plant− pathogen interactions. As
key virulence proteins, effectors are collectively indispensable for disease development. By …

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins in plants and
animals mediate intracellular pathogen sensing. Plant NLRs typically detect strain-specific …