BACKGROUND: Glutathione-dependent catalysis is a metabolic adaptation to chemical
challenges encountered by all life forms. In the course of evolution, nature optimized …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Over the last decade fundamentally new features have been revealed for the participation of
glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione transferase and glutaredoxin) …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol
oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during …

Glutaredoxins utilize the reducing power of glutathione to maintain and regulate the cellular
redox state and redox-dependent signaling pathways, for instance, by catalyzing reversible …

Sulfhydryl chemistry plays a vital role in normal biology and in defense of cells against
oxidants, free radicals, and electrophiles. Modification of critical cysteine residues is an …

Reversible protein S-glutathionylation (protein-SSG) is an important post-translational
modification, providing protection of protein cysteines from irreversible oxidation and serving …

Iron is an essential nutrient for cells. It is unknown how iron, after its import into the cytosol, is
specifically delivered to iron-dependent processes in various cellular compartments. Here …

Significance: Over the past several years, oxidative post-translational modifications of
protein cysteines have been recognized for their critical roles in physiology and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular thiol redox state are crucial mediators of
multiple cell processes like growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Excessive ROS production …