Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment
approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal …

Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Current clinical approaches to osteoporosis primarily target osteoclast biology, overlooking
the synergistic role of bone cells, immune cells, cytokines, and inorganic components in …

Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human
activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage …

Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light‐
weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage …

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using biomimetic materials for bone
tissue engineering. However, the high immunogenicity and low mechanical properties of …

Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects, delayed union or non-
union, and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time, despite the emergency …

Background Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many
experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and …

Tissue engineering is an important field of regenerative medicine, which combines scaffolds
and cell transplantation to develop substitute tissues and/or promote tissue regeneration …

The development, maintenance of healthy bone and regeneration of injured tissue in the
human body comprise a set of intricate and finely coordinated processes. However, an …