Abstract The THEMIS Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) measures the background magnetic
field and its low frequency fluctuations (up to 64 Hz) in the near-Earth space. The FGM is …

The magnetometer instrument MPO-MAG on-board the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) of
the BepiColombo mission en-route to Mercury is introduced, with its instrument design, its …

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the primary source of strong space weather
disturbances at Earth. Their geo-effectiveness is largely determined by their dynamic …

Mars and Venus do not have a global magnetic field and as a result solar wind interacts
directly with their ionospheres and upper atmospheres. Neutral atoms ionized by solar UV …

The general scientific objective of the ASPERA-4 (Analyser of Space Plasmas and Energetic
Atoms) experiment is to study the solar wind–atmosphere interaction and characterise the …

This article summarizes and aims at comparing the main features of the induced
magnetospheres of Mars, Venus and Titan. All three objects form a well-defined induced …

Our knowledge of the properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere
is constrained by the relative lack of plasma observations between the Sun and 1 AU. In this …

Venus, unlike Earth, is an extremely dry planet although both began with similar masses,
distances from the Sun, and presumably water inventories. The high deuterium-to-hydrogen …

We study interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) measured by probes at different
heliocentric distances (0.3–1 AU) to investigate the propagation of ICMEs in the inner …

One of the grand challenges in heliophysics is the characterization of coronal mass ejection
(CME) magnetic structure and evolution from eruption at the Sun through heliospheric …