G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of membrane receptors, actively
modulate plasma membrane and endosomal signalling. Importantly, GPCRs are naturally …

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors
and primarily signal through two main effector proteins: G proteins and β‐arrestins. Many …

Star polymers are structures composed of multiple functional linear arms covalently
connected through a central core. The unique conformation of star polymers, with their …

The hypothesis that sustained G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling from
endosomes mediates pain is based on studies with endocytosis inhibitors and lipid …

Some G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) demonstrate biased signaling such that
ligands of the same receptor exclusively or preferentially activate certain downstream …

Objectives: To present existing evidence of 3 representative target molecules in the
development of novel pain treatment that, so far, did not result in approved drugs. Methods …

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for the treatment of
pain, inflammation and fever. However, most NSAIDs are poorly water soluble, making it …

Despite the impressive strides in the research community, numerous obstacles pose marked
challenges in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The limitations of …

Chronic pain involves sensitization of nociceptors and synaptic transmission of painful
signals in nociceptive circuits in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We investigated the …

Ligand bias offers a novel means to improve the therapeutic profile of drugs. With regard to
G protein-coupled receptors involved in analgesia, it could be advantageous to develop …