In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Owing to their high deformation ability, 4D printed structures have various applications in
origami structures, soft robotics and deployable mechanisms. As a material with …

Bioprinting is rapidly being adopted as a major method for fabricating tissue engineering
constructs. Through the precise deposition of cell-and bioactive molecule-laden materials …

Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic soft porous networks, are an important class of materials of
broad relevance to bioanalytical chemistry, soft‐robotics, drug delivery, and regenerative …

Biodegradable polymers play a pivotal role in in situ tissue engineering. Utilizing various
technologies, researchers have been able to fabricate 3D tissue engineering scaffolds using …

Soft actuators have brought significant advancements to robotics, allowing robots to perform
a diverse range of tasks across various domains. However, the increased use of soft …

Nature's materials have evolved over time to be able to respond to environmental stimuli by
generating complex structures that can change their functions in response to distance, time …

We report the fabrication of scroll-like scaffolds with anisotropic topography using 4D
printing based on a combination of 3D extrusion printing of methacrylated alginate, melt …

Native tissues orchestrate their functions by complex interdependent cascades of
biochemical and biophysical cues that vary spatially and temporally during cellular …