Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and
environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which …

Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM), acting via indirect activation of 5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated Protein …

Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was a crucial pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy
(DN), and renal tubular injury might associate with abnormal mitophagy. In this study, we …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, posing significant
challenges in terms of early prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Consequently, it …

Metformin is a glucose-lowering agent that is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes
(T2D). Based on its various pharmacologic actions, the renoprotective effects of metformin …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the leading causes of death among patients
diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Despite the growing knowledge about the pathogenesis of …

Podocytes form the backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier and are exposed to various
mechanical forces throughout the lifetime of an individual. The highly dynamic …

Hyperglycemic conditions (HG), at early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN), cause a
decrease in podocyte numbers and an aberration of their function as key cells for glomerular …

Glomerular podocytes are a target for the actions of insulin. Accumulating evidence
indicates that exposure to nutrient overload induces insulin resistance in these cells …

Podocyte injury can disrupt the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), leading to
podocytopathies that emphasize podocytes as the glomerulus's key organizer. The …