Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and
placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a …

In brief The syndrome of preterm labor comprises multiple established and novel etiologies.
This review summarizes the distinct immune mechanisms implicated in preterm labor and …

Microbial colonization of the human intestine impacts host metabolism and immunity;
however, exactly when colonization occurs is unclear. Although many studies have reported …

Human milk is a complex and variable ecosystem fundamental to the development of
newborns. This study aimed to investigate relationships between human milk …

Temporal development of maternal and infant microbiomes during early life impacts short-
and long-term infant health. This study aimed to characterize bacterial dynamics within …

Differentiation of the digestive tube and formation of the gut unit as a whole, are regulated by
environmental factors through epigenetic modifications which enhance cellular plasticity …

During embryonic development, the gut is innervated by intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic
nerves. Focusing on mammalian ENS development, in this Review we highlight how …

The microbiome-defined as the microbiota (bacteria, archaea, lower and higher eukaryotes),
their genomes, and the surrounding environmental conditions-has a well-described range of …

The existence of an amniotic fluid microbiota (ie, a viable microbial community) in mammals
is controversial. Its existence would require a fundamental reconsideration of fetal in utero …

Within the last 6 years, a research field has emerged that focuses on the characterization of
microbial communities in the prenatal intrauterine environment of humans and their putative …