The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of
inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an …

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is a transcriptional activator of the cell
protection gene that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Therefore, Nrf2 …

The fibrotic process could be easily defined as a pathological excess of extracellular matrix
deposition, leading to disruption of tissue architecture and eventually loss of function; …

Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging.
The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several …

Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox
homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes
pulmonary injury or multiple-organ injury by various pathological pathways. Transforming …

In this study we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of pirfenidone
(PF) in paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Lung injury was induced by …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, degenerative pulmonary condition.
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor …

Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinases (ROCKs), serine/threonine protein kinases,
were initially identified as downstream targets of the small GTP-binding protein Rho …