Building stock modeling emerges as a critical tool in the strategic reduction of embodied
carbon emissions, which is pivotal in reshaping the evolving construction sector. This review …

Children in England spend around 30% of their time in schools to gain knowledge and skills.
Climate change could impact schools' thermal environments and children's learning …

Building operations, which include the energy from electricity and natural gas account for
about 28% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Stakeholders need accurate …

Despite the recognition of the built environment as a sector with high potential for reducing
embodied emissions, there is a lack of national-level data on embodied carbon emissions …

Greenhouse gas emissions depend on natural and anthropic phenomena; however, to
reduce emissions, we can only intervene in terms of anthropic causes. Human activity is very …

According to the latest energy efficiency European directive (EED 2023/1791/EU), the
expected energy renovation rate of at least 3% of the buildings' floor area each year towards …

Building stock modelling often employs clustering techniques on the segmented stock data
to identify representative archetypes, enabling cost-effective analyses while retaining the …

School building stock retrofit forms a key part of UK's commitment to net-zero carbon target
by 2050. However, with a changing climate, the retrofit of school buildings may have …

Significant research has explored the impact of future climate scenarios on building energy
loads; however, few studies have considered the efficiency of envelop retrofits under a …

The construction industry contributes to approximately 30% of global energy consumption
and carbon dioxide emissions, necessitating urgent measures to mitigate carbon emissions …